Bibliography of  Letterlocking

About the Bibliography of Letterlocking (BoLL)

The Bibliography of Letterlocking (BoLL) is a comprehensive resource, compiled over 25 years by the Unlocking History Research Group, dedicated to our specialized field of study: letterlocking. Both the BoLL and our forthcoming Literature Review of Letterlocking (LRoLL) serve as essential supplements to our foundational monograph, Letterlocking: The Hidden History of the Letter (MIT Press, 2025). Please note that only select DOIs or URL links are freely accessible. We adhere to the 18th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (2025), incorporating a few specific, deliberate deviations to enhance clarity and completeness:

  • Authors, et al.: We prioritize full attribution by including all contributing authors, extending beyond the standard limit of six.

  • Publication Cities: We list cities for all entries more recent than 1900, but only when they differ from the publishing house location (e.g., we cite "Oxford University Press," not "Oxford: Oxford University Press").

  • Page Number Ranges: We provide complete number spans (e.g., 210–215 rather than the shortened 210–15).

  • First Names: To ensure full clarity, we spell out all first names in their entirety.

Cite the Bibliography of Letterlocking

Dambrogio, Jana, and Daniel Starza Smith, with the Unlocking History Research Group. Bibliography of Letterlocking (BoLL). Edited by Jana Dambrogio and Caroline Chea, with contributions from Daniel Starza Smith, Josiah Lamb, and Jennifer Pellecchia. 2000–2025.http://letterlocking.org/bibliography. 

Copyright

Copyright 2014–. Jana Dambrogio and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T). All Rights Reserved. The following copyrighted material is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Contact the M.I.T. Technology Licensing Office for any other licensing inquiries.

Bibliography 

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Ahrendt, Rebekah, Nadine Akkerman, Jana Dambrogio, Daniel Starza Smith, and David van der Linden. “The Brienne Collection.” Early Modern Letters Online. Oxford: Bodleian Library. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections/?catalogue=brienne-collection.

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Ahrendt, Rebekah, Nadine Akkerman, Jana Dambrogio, Daniel Starza Smith, and David van der Linden. “Signed, Sealed, & Undelivered.” Letterlocking. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://letterlocking.org/about-1. 

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Bergemann, Laura. “Research on Letterlocking and Document Locking Techniques found in Vermeer Paintings, Invisible inks, and Secret Locking Techniques.” Unpublished manuscripts, 2017–2023. 

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Boran, Elizabethanne, Marie Isabel Matthews-Schlinzig, Rebekah Ahrendt, Nadine Akkerman, Jana Dambrogio, Daniel Starza Smith, and David van der Linden. “Letters.” In Reassembling the Republic of Letters: Systems, Standards, Scholarship, edited by Howard Hotson and Thomas Wallnig, 57–78. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2019-1146. 

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Dambrogio, Jana, Amanda Ghassaei, Daniel Starza Smith, Holly Jackson, Martin L Demaine, Graham Davis, David Mills, Rebekah Ahrendt, Nadine Akkerman, David van der Linden, Erik Demaine, et al., “Unlocking History through Automated Virtual Unfolding of Sealed Documents Imaged by X-ray Microtomography,” Nature Communications 12, no. 1184 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21326-w. 

Dambrogio, Jana, and Daniel Starza Smith. “Letterlocking: Securing Correspondence before Envelopes.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of the Renaissance World, edited by Kristen Poole and Lauren Shohet. Routledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367347093-RERW172-1.

Dambrogio, Jana, and the Unlocking History Research Group. Letterlocking.org. 2012–. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://www.letterlocking.org. 

Dambrogio, Jana, and the Unlocking History Research Group. Mary, Queen of Scots’ Last Letter, a Spiral Lock, England (1587). Letterlocking Instructional Videos. YouTube video, filmed December 2017. Duration 4:46. 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzPE1MCgXxo. 

Dambrogio, Jana, and Heather Wolfe. “Let’s Make a Model!” The Collation (blog). Folger Shakespeare Library, June 19, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://www.folger.edu/blogs/collation/lets-make-a-model-2/

Dambrogio, Jana, and the Unlocking History Research Group. “Letterlocking Videos.” YouTube channel. Accessed December 31, 2025. 2012–. https://www.youtube.com/@Letterlocking.

Dambrogio, Jana, Daniel Starza Smith, and Jessica Spring. “It's a Wonderfold World.” In Inscription: The Journal of Material Text, no. 3, edited by Simon Morris, Gill Partington, and Adam Smyth. Leeds: Information as Material / Leeds Beckett University, 2022.

Dambrogio, Jana, Daniel Starza Smith, Athanasios Velios, Jennifer Pellecchia, Laura Bergemann, and Teresa Leone. Dictionary of Letterlocking (DoLL). Edited by Jana Dambrogio, Daniel Starza Smith, Athanasios Velios, Jennifer Pellecchia, Laura Bergemann, Teresa Leone, and Caroline Chea. Unlocking History Research Group, 2000–2025. Last updated March 4, 2025. Accessed December 31, 2025. http://letterlocking.org/dictionary.

Dambrogio, Jana, Daniel Starza Smith, Jennifer Pellecchia, Alison Wiggins, Alan Bryson, Andrea Clarke, Nicole Araya, Annie Dunn, and Matthew Li. “The Spiral-Locked Letters of Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots.” The Electronic British Library Journal, article 11 (2021). https://bl.iro.bl.uk/concern/articles/a78e939c-4fc1-4217-bae2-6ac18623b7e4.

Dambrogio, Jana. “Assessment, Treatment, and Study in the Conservation Laboratory of the Vatican Secret Archives.” Paper presented at the American Institute for Conservation (AIC), Book and Paper Group Session, Minneapolis, MN, June 2005. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v24/bpga24-02.pdf.

Dambrogio, Jana. “Historic Letterlocking: The Art and Security of Letter Writing.” Book Arts / Arts du Livre Canada 5, no. 2 (2014): 21–23. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/121111.

Dambrogio, Jana. “The First Letterlocking Video (2005): The Triangle Paper Lock, Italy (1580s).” YouTube video, filmed June 2005. Duration 0:40. Posted by Letterlocking. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXG_3LU5tUA.

Davis, Graham R, Anthony N. Z. Evershed, and David Mills. “Quantitative High Contrast X-ray Microtomography for Dental Research.” Journal of Dentistry 41, no. 5 (2013): 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.01.010.

Davis, James, Steve R. Marschner, Matt Garr, and Marc Levoy. “Filling Holes in Complex Surfaces Using Volumetric Diffusion.” In Proceedings: First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, 428–435. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE, 2002. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1024098/ 

Davis, Norman, Richard Beadle, and Colin Richmond, eds. The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. 3 parts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971–2005. 

Day, Angel. The English Secretorie: Wherein Is Contayned, a Perfect Method, for the Inditing of All Manner of Epistles and Familiar Letters, Together with Their Diuersities, Enlarged by Examples Vnder Their Seuerall Tytles. London: Sold by Richard Jones, 1586. Early English Books Online. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A19966.0001.001. 

Daybell, James.The Material Letter in Early Modern England: Manuscript Letters and the Culture and Practices of Letter-Writing, 1512–1635. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 

Daybell, James. “Secret Letters in Elizabethan England.” In Material Readings in Early Modern Culture: Text and Social Practices, 1580–1730, edited by James Daybell and Peter Hinds. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 

De la Forest d'Armaillé, Solène. “Sous le pli du secret: L'apparition des cachets de gomme laque dans les correspondances diplomatiques (1560–1580).” In Matière à écrire: Les échanges de correspondance du XVIe au XIXe siècle, edited by Thérèse Bru and Solène De la Forest d'Armaillé, 53–80. Saint-Denis: Presses universitaires de Vincennes, 2017. 

Demaine, Erik D., and Joseph O'Rourke. Geometric Folding Algorithms: Linkages, Origami, Polyhedra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735172.

Dickens, Charles, and W. H. Wills. “Valentine’s Day at the Post Office.” Household Words (London) 1, no. 1 (March 30, 1850): 6–12.

Dickinson, Emily. The Gorgeous Nothings: Emily Dickinson’s Envelope Poems. Edited by Marta L. Werner and Jen Bervin. New Directions/Christine Burgin, 2013. 

Dickinson, Emily. The Letters of Emily Dickinson. Edited by Thomas H. Johnson and Theodora Ward. 3 vols. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1958. 

DiComo, Charles J. Wafer Seals on U.S. Folded Letters and Covers, 1840–1860. Exhibition catalog. Philatelic Society of Lancaster County, 2019. https://lcps-stamps.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/DICOMO-Exhibit-Wafer-Seals-U.S.-Covers-1840-1860.pdf. 

Donne, John. Letters to Severall Persons of Honour. Edited by John Donne Jr. London, 1651. In the digital collection Early English Books Online. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed December 31, 2025. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A36298.0001.001.

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Cite the Bibliography of Letterlocking

Dambrogio, Jana, and Daniel Starza Smith, with the Unlocking History Research Group. Bibliography of Letterlocking (BoLL). Edited by Jana Dambrogio and Caroline Chea, with contributions from Daniel Starza Smith, Josiah Lamb, and Jennifer Pellecchia. 2000–2025. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUD9UX and http://letterlocking.org/bibliography. 

Updates added: 2 January 2026